The immediate decade following the war saw classical traditions challenged in art, literature, theater, music and even physics. The revolutions went far beyond politics to nearly every corner of Western culture. The war called into question principles of history, economics and political science and prompted scholars to re-think fundamental concepts in their disciplines. There were five European empires at the start of the war - in Turkey, England, Germany, Russia and Austria-Hungary at war’s end, only King George of Great Britain retained the throne. November 11 marks the 100th anniversary of the armistice that ended the fighting, and at Duke, the Great War and the decisions made in its aftermath are still the subject of research and teaching. A little more than a decade into a century that started with optimism that large social and economic problems could be resolved, the war definitively shattered those dreams. World War I lives on today in the conflicts disrupting the Middle East and Europe, the experiments still seen in art and literature and even America’s place in the world order.
“The War to End All Wars” itself never really ended.
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